A standardised approach for the reporting of such inflight outbreak investigations would help to provide more convincing evidence for such inflight transmission events. Who recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines. Weekly influenza respiratory illness activity report. Utility of statelevel influenza disease burden and. Questions and answers vaccine effectiveness for seasonal influenza vaccines pdf, 102kb.
The influenza h1n1 2009 virus a2009h1n1 was the first pandemic influenza of the 21st century. Influenza a 2009 h1n1 remained the predominant strain. For this reason, they are described as h1n1, h1n2 etc. Ending april 4, 2020 influenza vaccine composition 20192020. Influenza a virus h1n1 an overview sciencedirect topics. All influenza a h1n1pdm09 viruses tested were susceptible to zanamivir.
It has affected the w hole world and caused more than 18,000 deaths rewar et al. Reassortment of strains of influenza a h1n1 of avian, porcine and human origin. Three genera exist with this family that pertain to influenza viruses, influenzavirus a, influenzavirus b, and influenzavirus c, each of which contain a single species, or type. Influenza activity united states, 201516 season and composition of the 201617. Antigenicity of the 20152016 seasonal h1n1 human influenza. Candidate vaccine viruses and potency testing reagents for development and production of vaccines for use in the northern hemisphere 20152016 influenza season. Ah1n1 predominant, especially among children aged pdf season summary. Stateut wise, yearwise number of cases and deaths from 20162020 new pdf 511 kb.
The first outbreak occurred in 2009 and infected people all over the world. It is recommended that trivalent vaccines for use in the 20162017 influenza season. It is an orthomyxovirus that contains the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Investigating obesity as a risk factor for influenza. Clinical characteristics of patients with laboratoryconfirmed. Historical perspective emergence of influenza a h1n1. Persistence of influenza a h1n1 virus on stainless steel. In the postpandemic period 20112016, a total of 1078 out of 1911 56% cases were positive for influenza ah1n1pdm09 with cocirculation of different. Disease outbreak control division influenzarespiratory disease surveillance report morbidity and mortality.
On the basis of sequence analysis, aswinekorea612016 is marked from swine h1n1 influenza virus. Of the 348 labconfirmed flu cases that turned up in the imove system during the study period, 246 were 2009 h1n1, 77 were influenza b, 21 were h3n2, and 4 were unsubtyped influenza a. After the pandemic subsided, sporadic cases of human influenza h1n1 continued to occur worldwide. While the h1n1 viruses have continued to circulate since the pandemic, 2014 is the first season since 2009 that h1n1 has been so predominant in the united states.
In 2018, a veterinarian became sick shortly after swabbing sows exhibiting respiratory syndrome on a farm in france. Influenza viruses are cultured in chick embryo and cell culture mdck. As annual influenza epidemics continue to cause significant morbidity and economic burden, an understanding of viral persistence and transmission is critical for public health officials and health care workers to better protect patients and their family members from infection. To analyze antigenic drift in human seasonal h1n1 viruses derived from the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus ph1n1like viruses accounts for the limited effectiveness around 40% of vaccination against ph1n1like viruses during the 20152016 season, nasal washesswabs. It was called swine flu early on because tests showed that it was like flu viruses that occur in swine pigs. Historical perspectiveemergence of influenza a h1n1 viruses, n engl j med 361.
Davlin sl, blanton l, kniss k, mustaquim d, smith s, kramer n, et al. Surveillance for the 20162017 influenza season officially began on october 2, 2016 and ended on may 20, 2017. During this period, the utah department of health published weekly reports that incorporated data from a variety of sources to describe statewide influenza activity. National influenza surveillance network data on influenza ah1n1pdm09 virus during the 20092010 to 20152016 seasons. New evidence emerged following the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic that obesity was an independent risk factor for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death in laboratory.
Based on the taiwan influenza express between july. However, recent poor vaccine performance raises questions regarding the protection afforded and whether other. The different viral subtypes that circulated in nh during the 201617 influenza season are presented in table 2. Everyone 6 months and older needs a flu vaccine each year. Influenza viruses are susceptible to heat, ph extremes, dryness, and are generally. The influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus, or swine flu, is a novel strain that circled the globe in 2009 and resulted in approximately 575,400 deaths. Behavior of influenza seasons in mexico from 2010 to 2016.
A novel pandemic influenza ah1n1pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 globally. H1n1 originally referred to as swine flu the h1n1 flu virus caused a worldwide pandemic in 2009. Antigenic drift of the hemagglutinin ha and neuraminidase na influenza virus proteins contributes to reduced vaccine efficacy. Influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and influenza c virus, respectively table 10. The authors noted that of 37 influenza b strains with known lineage, 36 were victoria, the type not included in the northern hemispheres trivalent seasonal flu.
The 1918 pandemic, caused by worldwide spread of a human influenza a h1n1 virus, was responsible for 4050 million deaths. Influenza vaccine uptake in 2015 to 2016 in england was lower than last. Molecular characterization of the influenza ah1n1pdm09 isolates collected in the 2015. In virology, influenza a virus subtype h1n1 ah1n1 is the subtype of influenza a virus that was the most common cause of human influenza flu in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 flu pandemic. It is now a human seasonal flu virus that also circulates in pigs. Find information on coronavirus disease 2019 covid19. Immunization practices acip on june 22, 2016pdf icon. Between october 4, 2015 and may 21, 2016, cdc and its partner laboratories detected 18 influenza a h1n1pdm09 viruses 0. Influenza activity united states, 201516 season and composition of the 201617 influenza vaccine. Providing pig industry workers the annual influenza vaccine might reduce transmission risk.
Influenza the center for food security and public health iowa. Components of the 2009 pandemic virus are thought to have derived from the 1918 influenza pandemic. The infectivity and persistence of two influenza a h1n1 virus strains anew caledonia201999 and abrisbane59. Pigs first became infected with the influenza virus in 1918, and the first swine virus was found in humans in 1974. Earlier in the season, influenza b victoria lineage viruses were predominant. Seasonal influenza h1n1 national centre for disease control.
Bureau of infectious disease control infectious disease. Two viruses showed reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and peramivir, due to a h275y substitution in the neuraminidase. The study indicates that influenza ah1n1pdm09 may mainly be transmitted via the airborne route during air travel. Flu ve network from november 2, 2015, through april 15, 2016. Evolutionary analysis of influenza ah1n1pdm09 during the. The 2019 calendar year marked the pandemics 10th anniversary. Pdf evolution of pandemic influenza virus ah1n1pdm09 in 2009. We report here the genome sequence of the influenza a virus strain aswinekorea612016, isolated from swine in the republic of korea.
The h1n1 virus reappeared in 1977, and is still circulating in humans, while the h3n2 virus was the most common up until 2009 3, 4. Influenza h1n1 viruses were analysed for antiviral resistance by pyrose. Background influenza, or flu, is a respiratory infection caused by a variety of influenza viruses. Annual flu shot will cut childrens risk of illness. Division of public health respiratory virus surveillance report week 14. Flu vaccination has been shown to prevent flu illnesses, doctors visits and hospitalizations and can. Clinical characteristics of patients with laboratory. The 1918 h1n1 influenza pandemic was among the most severe, with influenza attributed mortality. Despite longterm investment, influenza continues to be a significant worldwide problem. Novel influenza a h1n1 virus infections in three pregnant women united states, aprilmay 2009. Influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract that.
Influenza vaccine manufacturing industry perspective for 201617 northern hemisphere influenza vaccine supply, cber, biologics created date 3172016 9. Scheifele, md, d taj jadvji, md, f liza lee, msc, g teresa mersereau, bscn, mph, g for the members of the canadian immunization monitoring program active. It is important to bear in mind that the ah1n1pdm09 virus is still circulating in the population. Information center and center for food security and public health, 2016. Pdf molecular characterization of the influenza ah1n1. The first recognized case of human disease from a swine influenza triple reassortant influenza a h1n1 virus occurred in a 17yearold who had been exposed to pigs at a slaughterhouse in. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the united. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc continues to. Ah1n1pdm09 virus strains isolated during the period 20092016 on the. Community spread and late season increased incidence of. All but three influenza ah1n1pdm09 viruses tested were sensitive to the neuraminidase inhibitors. Influenza ah1n1pdm09 and postpandemic influenza in lithuania. Epidemiologic data and genetic analyses revealed consecutive humantoswine and swinetohuman influenza ah1n1pdm09 virus transmission, which occurred despite some biosecurity measures. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for.
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